Approaches to organisational planning

From Idealized Design , four approaches to organisational planning:

1. Reactive - Find solutions using solutions that have worked in the past
2. Inactive - Hope problems will go away on their own
3. Preactive - Plan for future opportunities (capabilities, changes in environment) for improvement to be exploited
4. Interactive - Plan backward from where you want to be to where you are now.  Not planning for the future but planning for where you want to be now.